Iran launched missiles targeting towns near Israel's nuclear research site, breaching the country's air defense systems for the first time.
Over 100 people were injured in the strikes on Dimona and Arad, with several buildings reduced to rubble and dust.
The strikes come after an attack on Iran's main nuclear enrichment site at Natanz.
Rescue workers reported heavy damage to at least 10 apartment buildings in Arad, with three at risk of collapse.
The United Nations nuclear watchdog said it had not received any reports of damage to the Israeli facility or unusual radiation levels.